Stephen Bajo, MD, is Medical Director of Renown Health in Reno, Nevada. Dr. Bajo received his MD from the University of Southern California where he also completed his Internal Medicine residency. He practiced Emergency Medicine for 3 years and then had an Internal Medicine practice for 26 years. As Medical Director for Renown, he oversees 18 Primary Care Medical Group Practices, 8 Urgent Care sites, and a hospitalist group of 20 physicians. Dr. Bajo is board certified in Internal Medicine and certified by the American Academy of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine. Michael Cabana, MD, MPH, is Chief of the Division of General Pediatrics and Director of the General Pediatrics Fellowship Program at the University of California San Francisco. He is a Professor of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics and a member of the core faculty at the UCSF Institute for Health Policy Studies. Dr. Cabana received his MD from the University of Pennsylvania in 1994 and his MPH in Epidemiology from Johns Hopkins in 1999. He also holds a Masters degree in Public Policy and Management from the Wharton School of Business. His clinical interests include asthma, pediatric health services research, quality care, primary prevention of asthma, practice variation, probiotics, physician prescribing patterns and physician practice patterns. His community health interest is high school mentoring. Dr. Cabana is actively involved in national peer review, as a member and ad hoc review for NIH Study Sections, as a member of the Asthma Measurement Advisory Panel for the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) and as a regular reviewer for peer-reviewed journals. He has a longstanding interest in the use of probiotics for the prevention of asthma in childhood and is a member of the Board of Directors and Secretary of the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics. Dr. Cabana is the Principal Investigator for the NIH/NCCAM study Probiotic Outcomes on Enteric Microflora (POEM) study and for the NIH/NHLBI Trial of Infant Probiotic Supplementation on Developing Asthma. Martin H. Floch, MD, is a Master of the American College of Gastroenterology and Fellow of the American College of Nutrition. He had been Chairman of Medicine and Founding Chief of Gastroenterology in Norwalk and is a Clinical Professor of Medicine and Director of Ambulating GI Services at Yale University. Dr. Floch received his MD from New York Medical College. He trained in Internal Medicine at Beth Israel Hospital in New York and in Gastroenterology at Seton Hall College of Medicine. His clinical expertise is in diseases of the intestine including inflammatory bowel disease (colitis and ileitis), irritable bowel syndrome, diseases of malabsorption and malnutrition such as celiac disease and short bowel syndrome, and capsule endoscopy. He has authored Netters Gastroenterology and published Diet and Nutrition Therapy in Gastroenterology. He is editor of the Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. Dr. Floch has longstanding interests in nutrition and probiotics and their relation to digestive diseases. Marko Kalliomäki, MD, PhD, is a Consultant in Pediatric Gastroenterology and Adjunct Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Turku in Finland. He received his Licentiate of Medicine (MD) in 1995 and his Doctor of Medical Science (PhD) in 2001 from the University of Turku. His doctoral thesis was on the role of gut microflora in the hygiene hypothesis of allergy. Dr. Kalliomäki completed his pediatric training at the University of Turku. He is the author of numerous peer reviewed original research publications, reviews, and publications on probiotics and allergies. He is an authority on the use of probiotics to prevent and treat allergic diseases in infancy and childhood. William H. Marks, MD, PhD, MHA, received his undergraduate degree from Loyola University of Chicago. He obtained his MS in pharmacognosy from the University of Illinois College of Pharmacy in 1973 and his MD from the Stritch School of Medicine of Loyola University in 1977. He trained as a general and vascular surgeon at the University of Michigan where he also did his fellowship in abdominal transplantation. In 1984 he received his PhD from the University of Lund, Sweden and in 2009 he received his MHA degree from the School of Policy, Planning and Development at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Dr. Marks has been the recipient of numerous grants and awards and has authored more than 100 peer reviewed medical and scientific publications. Previously, he held academic positions at the University of Michigan, Loyola University and Yale University. In 1993 he founded the organ transplant program and laboratory for transplantation biology at the Swedish Medical Center in Seattle and held the Robert B McMillen Chair for transplantation until he retired from clinical practice in 2009. He continues to serve as adjunct professor at the University of Illinois, College of Pharmacy and was the 2007 recipient of the Margaret Wright Alumnus Award from the University of Illinois College of Pharmacy. In his current position Dr. Marks is the executive medical director for Alexion Pharmaceuticals and responsible for the clinical study of terminal complement inhibition in solid organ transplantation. Dr. Marks successfully conducted a clinical trial of probiotics for the prevention of immunosuppression-associated diarrhea in patients following kidney transplantation. Gerard E. Mullin, MD, is an internist, gastroenterologist and nutritionist who is the only physician in the USA board certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine for Gastroenterology, American Society of Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition, American College of Nutrition and the American Board of Nutrition Physician Specialist. He is presently Associate Professor of Medicine at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and director of Integrative Nutrition Services at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. Dr. Mullin received his MD from the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey in 1985 and went on to complete his residency in Medicine at Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York and his fellowship in Gastroenterology at Johns Hopkins. He has become renowned nationally and internationally for his work on Integrative Gastroenterology and Nutrition. He has accumulated over 15 years of clinical experience in the field of Integrative Gastroenterology and has earned a master’s degree in nutrition while in practice. Dr. Mullin is an associate editor for the journal Integrative Medicine: a Clinicians Journal. He is President-Elect of the Maryland Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Dr. Mullin has become an authority in the fields of Integrative Gastroenterology and Nutrition and he has lectured nationally and internationally on these subjects. Stephen F. Olmstead, MD, is Chief Science Officer at ProThera, Inc. where he directs clinical trials of ProThera® and Klaire Labs™ nutraceutical products. He received his MD from the University of New Mexico in 1979 and completed his Internal Medicine residency at Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital in 1982 and fellowship in Cardiovascular Diseases at the University of Washington in 1987. Dr. Olmstead served 2 years in the Commissioned Corps of the US Public Health and was stationed primarily at the Indian Health Service Hospital in Gallup New Mexico. For many years, Dr. Olmstead spent his career as a Clinical Assistant Professor in Medicine at the University of Washington Medical School in Seattle. He also served as advisor to the King County Natural Medicine Clinic during its inception and was a consultant to the Office of Alternative Medicine after it was first established at the National Institutes of Health. His current research focuses on the use of enzymes and chelating agents to disrupt pathogenic GI biofilm and pre- and probiotics to restore gut microbial balance. Erkki Savilahti, MD, PhD, is Professor of Pediatrics and Chief of the Department of Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Clinical Immunology and the Research Laboratory at the Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki. He is Chief of the Laboratory for Children at the HYKS Institute in Helsinki. He is Chief Investigator for Flora 1 and 2, clinical research effects on the use of probiotics in the treatment and prevention of allergies in children. Dr. Savilahti is author of more than 280 peer reviewed scientific publications. His current research interests focus on probiotics, food allergy, and gastrointestinal immunology. Helena Tlaskalová-Hogenová, MD, PhD, DSc, is Professor of Immunology at the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. She is also a member of the Czech Institute of Microbiology and Academy of Sciences. Dr. Tlaskalová-Hogenová graduated from the Faculty of Medicine at Charles University in 1962. She completed her Internal Medicine training at the Ústí nad Labem Hospital in 1964 and went on to do post graduate work at the Institute of Microbiology where she completed her PhD in 1968. Dr. Tlaskalová-Hogenová has been a member of the faculty of the Institute of Microbiology since 1968 and served as Head of the Division of Immunology and Gnotobiology from 1996 to 2001. In 1994 she received a Doctor of Sciences degree from the Academy of Sciences and in 1994 joined the Faculty of Medicine where she attained full Professorship in 2001. Dr. Tlaskalová-Hogenová is active in numerous Czech and international societies including the Czech Immunological Society and the International Society for Mucosal Immunity. She is an internationally recognized authority on mucosal immunity and on the interactions of the gut microflora with the innate immune system.